I Dam also known as the Jinping-I Hydropower Station or Jinping 1st Cascade,
is a tall arch dam on the "Jinping Bend" of the Yalong River (Yalong Jiang) in Liangshan, Sichuan, China. Construction on the project began in 2005 and was
completed in 2014. Its power station has a 3,600 MW capacity to produce between 16 and 18 TW·h (billion kW·h) annually. Supplying the power station is a
reservoir created by the 305-meter-tall arch dam, the tallest in the world. The project's objective is to supply energy for expanding industrialization
and urbanization, improve flood protection, and prevent erosion.The length of bend is 150 km but the downstream part of the river on the opposite side
is only separated by 16 km. Between that distance, there is an elevation drop of 310 m, creating an excellent situation for hydroelectricity production.
Two projects were planned for the bend, the Jinping I and Jinping II with a combined capacity of 8,400 MW. Planning for the projects began in the 1960s
under the former Sichuan and Shanghai design institutes along with the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power. They produced the "Reinvestigation
Report on The Yalong River bend (Jinping)". In July 1965, the Jinping Hydropower Engineering Headquarters was set up and designs for the Jinping 1 and
Jinping 2 would progress with the East China Investigation and Design Institute.Construction began on 12 November 2005. The dam began to impound its
reservoir on 8 October 2012. First power was generated in 2013 with the remainder of the work to be completed by 2015.The rapid impounding has been
linked to reservoir-induced seismicity by a Chinese geologist. Out of hundreds of small earthquakes during impoundment, three between 3.9MW and 4.58MW
were recorded on 22 November 2013 on a nearby fault line.
The Nurek Dam is an earth-fill
embankment dam on the Vakhsh River in Tajikistan. Its primary purpose is hydroelectric power generation and its power station has an
installed capacity of 3,015 MW. Construction of the dam began in 1961 and the power station's first generator was commissioned in 1972.
The last generator was commissioned in 1979 and the entire project was completed in 1980 when Tajikistan was still a republic within
the Soviet Union. At 300 m (984 ft), it is currently the second tallest man-made dam in the world. The Rogun Dam, also along
the Vakhsh in Tajikistan, may exceed it in size when completed.The Nurek Dam was constructed by the Soviet Union between the years 1961
and 1980. It is uniquely constructed, with a central core of cement forming an impermeable barrier within a 300 m (980 ft)-high rock and
earth fill construction. The volume of the mound is 54 million m3. The dam includes nine hydroelectric generating units, the first
commissioned in 1972 and the last in 1979. An estimated 5,000 people were resettled from the dam's flooding area.
The dam is located in a deep gorge along the Vakhsh River in western Tajikistan, about 75 km (47 mi) east of the nation's capital of Dushanbe.
A town near the dam, also called Nurek, houses engineers and other workers employed at the dam's power plant.Originally having a generating
capacity of 300 MW each (2,700 MW total), they were redesigned and retrofitted between 1984 and 1988 so now have a capacity of 335 MW each (3,015 MW total).
The Xiaowan Dam is an arch dam on the Lancang
(Mekong) River in Nanjian County, Yunnan Province, southwest China. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and
it supports a 4,200 MW power station. Constructed between 2002 and 2010 by Huaneng Power International at a cost of ¥32 billion
(nearly US$3.9 billion), it is the world's second highest arch dam at 292 m (958 ft). It is also third highest among dams of all types
behind Jinping-I and Nurek and the third largest hydroelectric power station in China.The feasibility study for the dam was
completed in 1992, with it as part of the Lancang River Project. In 1995 the report was reviewed and approved by the Chinese government.
Three years later in 1998, a consortium to fund and construct the dam was organized. In 1999, preliminary construction (roads, bridges, river diversion) began.
Official construction on the dam started on 1 January 2002. The Xiaowan Dam is a 292 m (958 ft) tall and 902 m (2,959 ft) long double-curvature arch dam.
Its crest is 13 m (43 ft) wide while the base sits at 69 m (226 ft) in width. The dam's crest is at an elevation of 1,245 m (4,085 ft) while the normal
reservoir level is slightly lower at 1,240 m (4,068 ft). The dam's reservoir has a normal storage capacity of 15,043,000,000 m3 (12,196,000 acre·ft);
of that capacity, 9,895,000,000 m3 (8,022,000 acre·ft) is active (or "useful") storage. The dam traps water from a catchment area covering 113,300 km2
(43,700 sq mi). The surface of the reservoir at normal level covers 190 km2 (73 sq mi).
The Xiluodu Dam is an arch dam on the Jinsha River,
i.e. the upper course of the Yangtze in China. It is located near the town of Xiluodu in Yongshan County of Yunnan Province but the dam straddles
into Leibo County of Sichuan Province on the opposite side of the river. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and its
power station has an installed capacity of 13,860 MW. Additionally, the dam provides for flood control, silt control and its regulated water
releases are intended to improve navigation downstream. Construction on the dam and power station began in 2005 and the first generator was
commissioned in 2013, the last in 2014. It is operated by China Yangtze Power and is currently the third-largest power station with the
fourth-tallest dam in the world.In November 2007, the Jinsha was successfully diverted around the construction site, allowing the dam to be built.
Concrete pouring began in 2008. The reservoir was impounded in May 2013 and the first of 18×770 MW Francis turbine-generators was commissioned
on 15 July 2013.The fourteenth generator was commissioned in April 2014. The eighteenth and final generator was commissioned on 30 June 2014.
It is the third tallest arch dam in the world and a key component of the Jinsha River Project. It withholds a reservoir of 12,670,000,000 cubic
metres (10,270,000 acre·ft) of which 6,460,000,000 cubic metres (5,240,000 acre·ft) is considered active storage for power generation. The dam contains
several spillways to include seven surface outlets, eight mid-level orifices and four spillway tunnels. All spillways afford a maximum discharge of
32,278 m3/s (1,139,900 cu ft/s)
The Grande Dixence Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Dixence at the head of the Val d'Hérémence in the canton of Valais
in Switzerland. At 285 m (935 ft) high, it is the tallest gravity dam in the world and is part of the Cleuson-Dixence Complex. With the primary
purpose of hydroelectric power generation, the dam fuels four power stations, totaling the installed capacity to 2,069 MW, generating approximately
2,000 GWh annually, enough to power 400,000 Swiss households.
The dam withholds Lac des Dix (Lake Dix), its reservoir. With a surface area of 4 km², it is the second largest lake in Valais and the largest lake
above 2,000 m in the Alps. The reservoir receives its water from four different pumping stations; the Z’Mutt, Stafel, Ferpècle and Arolla. At peak
capacity, it contains approximately 400,000,000 m3 (1.4×1010 cu ft) of water, with depths reaching up to 284 m (932 ft).Construction on the dam
began in 1950 and was completed in 1961, before officially commissioning in 1965.In 1922, Energie Ouest Suisse (EOS) became established with a few
small power stations. To generate substantial amount of electricity, EOS looked to the Valais canton which contains 56% of Switzerland's glaciers
and stores the largest amount of water in Europe. In 1927, EOS acquired the license for the upper Dixence basin. In 1929, 1,200 workers constructed
the first Dixence dam which would be complete in 1935. The first dam would supply water to the Chandoline Power Station which has a capacity of 120 MW.
After the Second World War, growing industries needed electricity and construction on the Cleuson Dam began in 1947 and was completed in 1951.
The original Dixence dam was submerged by the filling of Lac des Dix beginning in 1957, it can still be seen when the reservoir level is low.
Although the dam is situated on the relatively small Dixence, water supplied from other rivers and streams is pumped by the Z’Mutt, Stafel,
Ferpècle and Arolla pumping stations.
The Enguri Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the Enguri River in Georgia. Currently it is the world's second highest concrete arch
dam with a height of 271.5 metres (891 ft). It is located north of the town Jvari. It is part of the Enguri hydroelectric power station
(HES) which is partially located in Abkhazia, the separatist region of Georgia.Soviet President Nikita Khrushchev initially proposed a major dam
and hydroelectric power scheme on the Bzyb River as his favourite resort was located near the mouth of the river at Pitsunda. However, his experts
informed him that a dam built on the Bzyb River would have had catastrophic effects in causing beach erosion at Pitsunda, so in the end the dam was
built on the Enguri River instead, where the impact upon the coastline was assessed to be considerably less pronounced.
Construction of the Enguri dam began in 1961. The dam became temporarily operational in 1978, and was completed in 1987. In 1994, the dam was
inspected by engineers of Hydro-Québec, who found that the dam was "in a rare state of dilapidation". In 1999, the European Commission granted
€9.4 million to Georgia for urgent repairs at the Enguri HES, including replacing the stoplog at the arch dam on the Georgian side and, refurbishing
one of the five generators of the power station at the Abkhaz side.In total, €116 million loans were granted by the EBRD, the European Union,
the Japanese Government, KfW and Government of Georgia.In 2011 The European Investment Bank (EIB) loaned €20 million in order to complete the
rehabilitation of the Enguri hydropower plant and to ensure safe water evacuation towards the Black Sea at the Vardnili hydropower cascade. the power
station is located in the Gali District of region Abkhazia of Georgia. Enguri HES has 20 turbines with a nominal capacity of 66 MW each,
resulting in a total capacity of 1,320 MW. Its average annual capacity is 3.8 TW/h, which is approximately 46% of the total electricity supply in Georgia as of 2007.
The Vajont Dam (or Vaiont Dam) is a disused dam, completed in 1959 in the valley of the Vajont River under Monte Toc, in the municipality
of Erto and Casso, 100 km (60 miles) north of Venice, Italy. One of the tallest dams in the world, it is 262 metres (860 ft) high, 27 metres (89 ft)
wide and 22.11 metres (72 ft 6 in) thick at the base and 191 metres (627 ft) wide and 3.4 metres (11 ft 2 in) thick at the top.
The dam was conceived in the 1920s, designed by Carlo Semenza, and eventually built between 1957 and 1960 by Società Adriatica di ElettricitÃ
("SADE", or "EDIS") (English: Adriatic Energy Corporation), the monopoly electricity supply and distribution monopoly in northeastern Italy,
which was owned by Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata. In 1962 the dam was nationalized and came under the control of ENEL as part of the Italian Ministry
for Public Works. It was described as 'the tallest dam in the world', intended to meet the growing demands of industrialization, and as of 2010 is
still one of the tallest in the world.
On 9 October 1963, during initial filling, a massive landslide caused a man-made megatsunami in the lake in which 50 million cubic metres of water
overtopped the dam in a 250 metres (820 ft) wave, (see below) leading to the complete destruction of several villages and towns, and 1,917 deaths.
(see below) This event occurred when the company and the Italian government dismissed evidence and concealed reports describing the geological
instability of Monte Toc on the southern side of the basin, and other early warning signs reported prior to the disaster. Numerous warnings,
signs of danger, and negative appraisals had been disregarded, and the eventual attempt to safely control the landslide into the lake by
lowering its level came when the landslide was almost imminent and was too late to prevent it. Although the dam itself remained almost intact,
and two thirds of the water was retained behind it, the landslide was much larger than expected and the impact brought massive flooding and
destruction to the Piave valley below. Although the wave only contained a third of the dam's contents, it was still ten times higher than
calculations had predicted.[citation needed]The dam was built by SADE (Società Adriatica di Elettricità , English: Adriatic Energy Corporation),
the electricity supply and distribution monopoly in northeastern Italy. The owner, Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata, had been Mussolini's Minister
of Finances for several years. The 'tallest dam in the world', across the Vajont gorge, was conceived in the 1920s to control and harness the
rivers Piave, river Mae and the Boite stream, and to meet the growing demand for power generation and industrialization, but not until the
confusion after Mussolini's fall during World War II was the project authorized on 15 October 1943.
Nuozhadu Dam is an embankment dam on the
Lancang (Mekong) River in Yunnan Province, southwest China. The dam is 261.5 m (858 ft) tall, and creates a reservoir with a normal capacity
of 21,749,000,000 m3 (17,632,000 acre·ft) at a level of 812 m (2,664 ft) asl. The purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power production along
with flood control and navigation. The dam supports a power station with nine generators, each with generating capacity of 650 MW. The total
generating capacity of the power station is 5,850 MW.Construction on the project began in 2004; the dam's first generator went online 6
September 2012 and the last generator was commissioned in June 2014 The construction and management of the project was implemented by
Huaneng Power International Ltd., which has a concession to build, own and operate hydroelectric dams on China's stretch of the Mekong River.
The Chicoasén Dam (officially known as Manuel Moreno Torres) is an embankment dam and hydroelectric power station on the
Grijalva River near Chicoasén in Chiapas, Mexico. The dam's power plant, officially named for Manuel Moreno Torres, contains 5 x 300 MW,
3 x 310 MW Francis turbine-generators. Torres was Comisión Federal de Electricidad's (the dam's owner) Director General in the later 1950s.
The original generators were first operational in 1980 while the 310 MW units were ordered in 2000 and operational by 2005. Since then, the
hydroelectric power station is the largest in Mexico. The dam was designed in the early 1970s and constructed between 1974 and 1980 under
topographical and geological constraints. It is an earth and rock fill embankment type with a height of 261 m (856 ft) and length of 485 m (1,591 ft).
It withholds a reservoir of 1,613,000,000 m3 (1,307,680 acre·ft) and lies at the head of a 52,600 km2 (20,309 sq mi) catchment area.
The Tehri Dam is the tallest dam in India and one of the tallest in the world. It is a multi-purpose rock and earth-fill
embankment dam on the Bhagirathi River near Tehri in Uttarakhand, India. It is the primary dam of the THDC India Ltd. and the Tehri hydroelectric complex.
Phase 1 was completed in 2006, the Tehri Dam withholds a reservoir for irrigation, municipal water supply and the generation of 1,000 megawatts (1,300,000 hp)
of hydroelectricity. The dam's 1,000 MW pumped-storage scheme is currently under construction with expected commissioning in May 2018. Construction began in
1978 after feasibility studies but was delayed due to financial, environmental and social impacts. In 1986, technical and financial assistance was provided
by the USSR but this was interrupted years later with political instability. India was forced to take control of the project and at first it was placed under
the direction of the Irrigation Department of Uttar Pradesh. However, in 1988 the Tehri Hydro Development Corporation was formed to manage the dam and 75%
of the funding would be provide by the federal government, 25% by the state. Uttar Pradesh would finance the entire irrigation portion of the project. In 1990,
the project was reconsidered and the design changed to its current multi-purpose. Construction of the Tehri Dam was complete in 2006 while the second part
of the project, the Koteshwar Dam was completed in 2012.The Tehri Dam and the Tehri Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Power Plant are part of the Tehri Hydropower
Complex which also includes the 400 MW Koteshwar Dam. Power is distributed to Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Delhi, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Chandigarh,
Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh.Thank You
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